The work of Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev is a brilliant page of Russian poetry of the 19th century. Tyutchev wrote about human feelings, about nature, about Russia. In his poems, the lyrical hero appears as a man capable of strong feelings, tender, sincere. The lyrical hero in Tyutchev's poetry is a double of the poet himself, he often reflects his thoughts and feelings. This is especially evident in love lyrics.
Tyutchev's love is huge and all-encompassing, it captures the whole person. But it is tragic, because such love cannot exist in this world. Therefore, the lyrical hero is unhappy. In his life there is a lot of suffering, loss, grief and separation. Separations are inevitable, because love blinds a person, and when time passes, he realizes that the object of love is far from ideal.
In separation there is a high meaning:
No matter how you love, at least one day, at least a century,
Love is a dream, and a dream is a moment,
And early or late, or awakening,
And the man must finally wake up...
contradictions lyrical hero prevent him from being happy. But even more often he himself invents suffering.
Like an unsolved mystery
Living charm breathes in it -
We watch with anxious trepidation
Into the quiet light of her eyes.
Is there an earthly charm in it,
Or heavenly grace?
The soul would like to pray to her,
And the heart is torn to adore ...
Lyrica F.I. Tyutcheva is mysterious and incomprehensible. His poems are melodic, their form is perfected. Poems about nature are especially striking: they are harmonious, perfect, time has no power over them.
There is melodiousness in the waves of the sea,
Harmony in natural disputes,
And a slender Musiki rustle
It flows in unsteady reeds.
An imperturbable system in everything,
Consonance is complete in nature, -
Only in our ghostly freedom
We are aware of our discord.
When the last hour of nature strikes,
The composition of the parts will be broken earthly:
Everything visible will again be covered by water,
And God's face will be depicted in them!
In poems about nature, we see a subtle perception of the beauty of the world, we feel smells, colors, we hear sounds. Tyutchev masterfully draws pictures of nature: he draws our attention to something special, bright, he knows how to bring natural phenomena closer to us, to convey heavenly harmony. In nature, he sees the struggle of opposites and shows us that harmony arises from this. The lyrical hero is responsive to everything that happens in the world around him. For him and for the author, nature is part of the Motherland.
Tyutchev and Fet, who determined the development of Russian poetry of the second half of XIX century, entered literature as poets of “pure art”, expressing in their work a romantic understanding of the spiritual life of man and nature. Continuing the traditions of Russian romantic writers of the first half of the 19th century (Zhukovsky and early Pushkin) and German romantic culture, their lyrics were devoted to philosophical and psychological problems.
A distinctive feature of the lyrics of these two poets was that it was characterized by a depth of analysis of the emotional experiences of a person. So, the complex inner world of the lyrical heroes of Tyutchev and Fet is in many ways similar.
A lyrical hero is an image of that hero in a lyrical work whose experiences, thoughts and feelings are reflected in it. It is by no means identical to the image of the author, although it reflects his personal experiences associated with certain events in his life, with his attitude to nature, social activities, people. The peculiarity of the poet's worldview, worldview, his interests, character traits find a corresponding expression in the form, in the style of his works. The lyrical hero reflects certain character traits people of their time, their class, exerting a huge influence on the formation spiritual world reader.
As in the poetry of Fet and Tyutchev, nature combines two planes: externally landscape and internally psychological. These parallels turn out to be interconnected: description organic world smoothly turns into a description of the inner world of the lyrical hero.
Traditional for Russian literature is the identification of pictures of nature with certain moods. human soul. This technique of figurative parallelism was widely used by Zhukovsky, Pushkin, Lermontov. The same tradition was continued by Fet and Tyutchev.
So, Tyutchev uses the method of personifying nature, which the poet needs to show the inseparable connection between the organic world and human life. Often his poems about nature contain reflections on the fate of man. landscape lyrics Tyutchev acquires a philosophical content.
For Tyutchev, nature is a mysterious interlocutor and constant companion in life, understanding him best of all. In the poem “What are you howling about, night wind?” (early 30s) the lyrical hero turns to the world of nature, talks with him, enters into a dialogue that outwardly takes the form of a monologue:
In a language understandable to the heart
You keep talking about incomprehensible flour -
And dig and explode in it
Sometimes violent sounds! ..
Tyutchev does not have a “dead nature” - it is always full of movement, imperceptible at first glance, but in fact continuous, eternal. The organic world of Tyutchev is always many-sided and varied. It is presented in constant dynamics, in transitional states: from winter to spring, from summer to autumn, from day to night:
Shades of gray mixed,
The color faded, the sound fell asleep -
Life, movements resolved
In the unsteady dusk, in the distant rumble...
(“Shadows of gray mixed”, 1835)
This time of day is experienced by the poet as “an hour of inexpressible longing”. The desire of the lyrical hero to merge with the world of eternity is manifested: “Everything is in me and I am in everything.” The life of nature fills the inner world of man: an appeal to the origins of the organic world should regenerate the whole being of the lyrical hero, and everything perishable and transient should go by the wayside.
The technique of figurative parallelism is also found in Fet. Moreover, most often it is used in a hidden form, relying primarily on associative connections, and not on an open comparison of nature and the human soul.
This technique is very interestingly used in the poem “Whisper, timid breathing ...” (1850), which is built on the same nouns and adjectives, without a single verb. Commas and exclamation points also convey the splendor and tension of the moment with realistic concreteness. This poem creates a dotted image, which, when viewed closely, gives chaos, “a series of magical changes”, and in the distance - an accurate picture. Fet, as an impressionist, bases his poetry, and, in particular, the description of love experiences and memories, on the direct fixation of his subjective observations and impressions. Condensation, but not mixing, of colorful strokes gives the description of love experiences sharpness and creates the utmost clarity of the image of the beloved. Nature in the poem appears as a participant in the life of lovers, helps to understand their feelings, giving them special poetry, mystery and warmth.
However, dating and nature are described not just as two parallel worlds - the world of human feelings and natural life. The innovation in the poem was that both nature and the date are shown as a series of fragmentary dates, which the reader himself must link into a single picture.
At the end of the poem, the portrait of the beloved and the landscape merge into one: the world of nature and the world of human feelings are inextricably linked.
However, in the depiction of nature, Tyutchev and Fet also have a profound difference, which was due primarily to the difference in the poetic temperaments of these authors.
Tyutchev is a poet-philosopher. It is with his name that the current of philosophical romanticism, which came to Russia from German literature, is associated. And in his poems, Tyutchev seeks to understand nature, including its system of philosophical views, turning it into part of his inner world. This desire to fit nature into the framework human consciousness Tyutchev's passion for personification was dictated. So, in the poem spring waters"streams" run and sparkle and speak.
However, the desire to understand, comprehend nature leads the lyrical hero to the fact that he feels cut off from her; therefore, in many of Tyutchev's poems, the desire to dissolve in nature, “to merge with the beyond” (“What are you howling about, night wind?”) Sounds so vividly.
In a later poem, "Grey-gray shadows mingled ..." this desire comes through even more clearly:
Silent dusk, sleepy dusk,
Lean into the depths of my soul
Quiet, dark, fragrant,
All pour and comfort.
So, an attempt to solve the mystery of nature leads the lyrical hero to death. The poet writes about this in one of his quatrains:
Nature is a sphinx. And the more she returns
With his temptation, he destroys a person,
What, perhaps, no from the century
There is no riddle, and there was none.
In the later lyrics, Tyutchev realizes that man is a creation of nature, her fiction. Nature is seen by him as chaos, which inspires fear in the poet. Reason has no power over her, and therefore, in many of Tyutchev's poems, an antithesis of the eternity of the universe and the transience of human existence appears.
The lyrical hero Fet has a completely different relationship with nature. He does not seek to “rise” above nature, to analyze it from the standpoint of reason. The lyrical hero feels himself an organic part of nature. In Fet's poems, the sensory perception of the world is conveyed. It is the immediacy of impressions that distinguishes Fet's work.
For Fet, nature is a natural environment. In the poem “The night shone, the garden was full of moon ...” (1877), the unity of human and natural forces is felt most clearly:
The night shone. The garden was full of moon, lay
Beams at our feet in a living room with no lights.
The piano was all open, and the strings in it were trembling,
Like our hearts for your song.
The theme of nature in these two poets is connected with the theme of love, thanks to which the character of the lyrical hero is also revealed. One of the main features of Tyutchev's and Fetov's lyrics was that it was based on the world of spiritual experiences. loving person. Love in the understanding of these poets is a deep elemental feeling that fills the whole being of a person.
The lyrical hero Tyutchev is characterized by the perception of love as a passion. In the poem “I knew the eyes, - oh, these eyes!” this is realized in verbal repetitions (“passionate night”, “passion depth”). For Tyutchev, minutes of love - “ wonderful moments”, which bring meaning to life (“In my incomprehensible gaze, exposing life to the bottom ...”).
This poet compares life with the “golden time”, when “life spoke again” (“KV”, 1870). For the lyrical hero Tyutchev, love is a gift sent from above, and some magical power. This can be understood from the description of the image of the beloved.
In the poem “I knew the eyes, - oh, these eyes!” what matters is not the emotions of the lyrical hero, but the inner world of the beloved. Her portrait is a reflection of spiritual experiences.
He breathed (look) sad, in-depth,
In the shadow of her thick eyelashes,
Like pleasure, weary
And, like suffering, fatal.
The appearance of the lyrical heroine is shown not as really reliable, but as the hero himself perceived it. Only eyelashes are a specific detail of the portrait, while adjectives are used to describe the gaze of the beloved, conveying the feelings of the lyrical hero. Thus, the portrait of the beloved is psychological.
Fet's lyrics were characterized by the presence of parallels between natural phenomena and love experiences (“Whisper, timid breathing ...”). 366
In the poem “The night shone. The garden was full of the moon...” the landscape smoothly turns into a description of the image of the beloved: “You sang until dawn, exhausted in tears, that you are alone - love, that there is no other love.”
So, love fills the life of a lyrical hero with meaning: “you are alone - your whole life”, “you one Love". All worries, in comparison with this feeling, are not so significant:
There are no insults of fate and hearts of burning flour,
And life has no end, and there is no other goal,
As soon as you believe in sobbing sounds,
Love you, hug and cry over you!
Tyutchev's love lyrics are characterized by a description of events in the past tense (“I knew the eyes - oh, these eyes!”, “I met you - and all the past ...”). This means that the poet is aware of the feeling of love as long gone, so his perception is tragic.
In the poem "K. B.” the tragedy of love is expressed in the following. The time of falling in love is compared to autumn:
Like late autumn sometimes
There are days, there are hours
When it suddenly blows in the spring
And something stirs in us...
In this context, this time of year is a symbol of doom and doom. high feeling.
The same feeling fills the poem “Oh, how deadly we love!” (1851), included in the "Denisiev cycle". The lyrical hero reflects on what the “duel of the fatal two hearts” can lead to:
Oh, how deadly we love!
As in the violent blindness of passions
We are the most likely to destroy
What is dearer to our heart! ..
The poem “Last Love” (1854) also fills the tragedy. The lyrical hero here realizes that love may be disastrous: “Shine, shine, the farewell light of the last love, the dawn of the evening!”. And yet the feeling of doom does not interfere a lyrical hero to love: “Let the blood in the veins dwindle, but tenderness does not dwindle in the heart ...” In the last lines, Tyutchev succinctly characterizes the feeling itself: “You are both bliss and hopelessness.”
However, Fet's love lyrics are also filled with not only a sense of hope and hope. She is deeply tragic. The feeling of love is very contradictory; it is not only joy, but also torment, suffering.
The poem “Do not wake her at dawn” is all filled with a double meaning. At first glance, a serene picture of the morning dream of the lyrical heroine is shown, but already the second quatrain communicates tension and destroys this serenity: “And her pillow is hot, and her tiring dream is hot.” The appearance of epithets such as "tiring sleep" does not indicate serenity, but a painful state close to delirium. Further, the reason for this state will be explained, the poem is brought to a climax: “She became paler and paler, her heart beat more and more painfully.” The tension grows, and the last lines completely change the whole picture: “Don’t wake her up, don’t wake her up, at dawn she sleeps so sweetly.” The end of the poem presents a contrast with the middle and brings the reader back to the harmony of the first lines.
Thus, the perception of love by the lyrical hero is similar for both poets: despite the tragedy of this feeling, it brings meaning to life. Tragic loneliness is inherent in the lyrical hero of Tyutchev. In the philosophical poem “Two Voices” (1850), the lyrical hero takes life as a struggle, a confrontation. And “even though the fight is unequal, the fight is hopeless”, the fight itself is important. This striving for life permeates the entire poem: “Be of good cheer, fight, O brave friends, no matter how hard the battle is, how hard the fight is!” The poem “Cicero” (1830) is imbued with the same mood.
In the poem “Zershit” (1830), which touches on the theme of the poet and poetry, the lyrical hero understands that he will not always be accepted by society: “How can the heart express itself? How can someone else understand you? The world of spiritual experiences of the hero turns out to be important here: “Only know how to live in yourself - there is a whole world in your soul.”
The lyrical hero Fet's worldview is not so tragic. In the poem “With one push to drive away the living boat” (1887), the lyrical hero feels himself a part of the Universe: “Give life a sigh, give sweetness to secret torments, instantly feel someone else’s own.” The contradiction with the outside world here is only external (an oxymoron of “unknown, dear”). “Flowering shores” and “other life” are a description of that mysterious ideal world from which inspiration comes to the poet. Rationally this world is unknowable because it is "unknown"; but, meeting with manifestations of it in everyday life, the poet intuitively feels kinship with the “unknown”. The refined susceptibility of the poet in relation to the phenomena of the external world cannot but spread to other people's work. The ability for creative empathy is the most important feature of a true poet.
In the poem “The cat sings, his eyes narrowed” (1842), Fet does not depict objects and emotional experiences in their causal relationship. For the poet, the task of constructing a lyrical plot, understood as a sequence of mental states of the lyrical “I”, is replaced by the task of recreating the atmosphere. The unity of world perception is conceived not as a completeness of knowledge about the world, but as a set of experiences of a lyrical hero:
The cat sings, squinting his eyes,
The boy is napping on the carpet
A storm is playing outside
The wind is whistling in the yard.
So, the lyrical hero Fet and the lyrical hero Tyutchev perceive reality differently. The lyrical hero Fet has a more optimistic attitude, and the idea of loneliness is not brought to the fore.
So, the lyrical heroes of Fet and Tyutchev have both similar and different features, but the psychology of each is based on a subtle understanding of the natural world, love, as well as awareness of one's destiny in the world.
The work of Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev is a brilliant page of Russian poetry of the 19th century. Tyutchev wrote about human feelings, about nature, about Russia. In his poems, the lyrical hero appears as a man capable of strong feelings, tender, sincere. The lyrical hero in Tyutchev's poetry is a double of the poet himself, he often reflects his thoughts and feelings. This is especially evident in love lyrics.
Tyutchev's love is huge and all-encompassing, it captures the whole person. But it is tragic, because such love cannot exist in this world. Therefore, the lyrical hero is unhappy. In his life there is a lot of suffering, loss, grief and separation. Separations are inevitable, because love blinds a person, and when time passes, he realizes that the object of love is far from ideal.
In separation there is a high meaning:
No matter how you love, at least one day, at least a century,
Love is a dream, and a dream is a moment,
And early or late, or awakening,
And the man must finally wake up...
The contradictions of the lyrical hero prevent him from being happy. But even more often he himself invents suffering.
Like an unsolved mystery
Living charm breathes in it -
We watch with anxious trepidation
Into the quiet light of her eyes.
Is there an earthly charm in it,
Or heavenly grace?
The soul would like to pray to her,
And the heart is torn to adore ...
Lyrica F.I. Tyutcheva is mysterious and incomprehensible. His poems are melodic, their form is perfected. Poems about nature are especially striking: they are harmonious, perfect, time has no power over them.
There is melodiousness in the waves of the sea,
Harmony in natural disputes,
And a slender Musiki rustle
It flows in unsteady reeds.
An imperturbable system in everything,
Consonance is complete in nature, -
Only in our ghostly freedom
We are aware of our discord.
When the last hour of nature strikes,
The composition of the parts will be broken earthly:
Everything visible will again be covered by water,
And God's face will be depicted in them!
In poems about nature, we see a subtle perception of the beauty of the world, we feel smells, colors, we hear sounds. Tyutchev masterfully draws pictures of nature: he draws our attention to something special, bright, he knows how to bring natural phenomena closer to us, to convey heavenly harmony. In nature, he sees the struggle of opposites and shows us that harmony arises from this. The lyrical hero is responsive to everything that happens in the world around him. For him and for the author, nature is part of the Motherland.
Tyutchev F.I. Biography and personality of the poet. The image of a lyrical hero. The main themes and motifs of the lyrics
Target:
To expand and deepen students' knowledge about the life and work of F.I. Tyutchev, to give an idea of him as a person and a poet, to introduce the main themes and motives of his lyrics; improve the skills of writing a thesis plan, chronological table, expressive reading, analysis of a lyrical work;
Develop aesthetic sense, thinking, memory and speech;
To form respect for the life and work of F.I. Tyutchev, to educate patriotism, honesty, an active life position; to attach to the art of the word.
During the classes
I . Organizational stage
II . Update
O my prophetic soul!
O heart full of anxiety!
Oh how you beat on the threshold
Like a double existence.
F.I. Tyutchev
Tyutchev ... created speeches that
not destined to die.
I.S. Turgenev
Conversation based on the materials of the previous lesson
What works are called classics?
What period of literature will be studied in grade 10?
Name the most prominent Russian classic writers of this period.
What events determined public life Russia during this period?
Tell us about the education and culture of Russia in the second halfXIXin.
Tell aboutoriginality of the development of Russian literature of the second halfXIX century.
III . Formation of new concepts and methods of action
The song "I met you" sounds.
1. Life and work of F.I. Tyutchev.
(Message from prepared students.)
Drawing up a thesis plan by all students.
Main:
Extraordinary talent and early career as an official and poet.
Late beginning of poetry publication and late fame.
Unusually long stay away from home (22). He spent most of his life abroad, mainly in Germany, and was twice married to foreigners. The language of communication is French (predominantly), German. Russian language - for poetry.
A long-term diplomatic mission formed a true patriot who defended the interests of the motherland, “serving the cause, not individuals” (for example, the epitaph “You did not serve God and not Russia” is a bold act of a person close to the court).
"I saw three emperors."
Acquaintance and communication with outstanding representatives of Russian and European culture.
A careless attitude to his own work, the first selection of poems in the Sovremennik magazine was published by Pushkin in 1836 - "poems sent to us from Germany."
Truly for the Russian reading public, Tyutchev was discovered by Nekrasov.
The tragic fates of the poet's relatives.
With the light hand of Tyutchev, his poems “These poor villages ...”, “Russia cannot be understood with the mind ...” became sacramental (generally accepted and at the same time sacred) lines about Russia.
Main thesis (write on the board): “Tyutchev was not only an original, deep thinker, not only a peculiar, true artist-poet, but also one of a small number of carriers, even engines of our Russian self-consciousness” (I.S. Aksakov, K.S. Aksakov).
2. Conversation
At what age did Tyutchev begin to publish and was officially recognized as a writer?
At what age did Tyutchev become a student? Graduated from university? Became a diplomat?
How did Tyutchev feel about the publication of his works?
What events of personal life left a deep mark on the life of the poet?
3. Checking the thesis plan, its adjustment
thesis plan
Dates
Cities
Developments
In the estate of the Tyutchevs - the village of Ovstug, Oryol province - Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev was born.
Before 1819
Ovstug Bryansk district Oryol province
Childhood, first poetic experiences.
Receives home education; under the direction of S.E. Raich (1792-1865) - poet, translator. "... Three years later, he was no longer a student, but my comrade" (Raich about Tyutchev).
Accepted as a member of the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature.
12-year-old Tyutchev for an ode - an imitation of Horace "For the New Year 1816" was awarded the title of "employee" by the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature.
1819-1821
The first appearance in print is a free version of the "Message of Horace to the Maecenas".
Studying at Moscow University.
He graduated from the university with a Ph.D. (highest possible) degree.
Appointed to serve in the College of Foreign Affairs in St. Petersburg.
Soon he gets a place in the Russian diplomatic mission in Bavaria and goes to Munich.
Tyutchev will have to spend 22 years abroad (he came to Russia four times for a short time), of which 17 are in the diplomatic service .
1822-1837
Supernumerary official and second secretary of the Russian mission in Munich.
1837-1839
First secretary and chargé d'affaires in Turin.
Marriage to Eleanor Peterson.
1836
Petersburg
Publication of the first selection of poems in Sovremennik by A.S. Pushkin
Transfer to Italy by the senior secretary of the Russian mission.
Petersburg
The death of his wife leaves three daughters in the hands of the poet.
Marriage to Ernestine Dernberg.
Resignation. Return to Munich.
Petersburg
Homecoming.
Enrolled as a senior censor at the Special Office of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Petersburg
Meets Elena Alexandrovna Denisyeva (1826-1864). Nekrasov's article "Russian Minor Poets". Nekrasov reminded the reading public about Tyutchev's poetry and put him on a par with Pushkin and Lermontov: “Despite the title ... we strongly attribute the talent of Mr. F.T. to Russian paramount poetic talents.
Petersburg
The first collection of poems (under the editorship of I.S. Turgenev).
Petersburg
Appointment to the post of Chairman of the Foreign Censorship Committee.
Petersburg
Death of E.A. Denisyeva, which was extremely hard for the poet and opened a streak of losses in his life: the death of his son and daughter Denisyeva; mother, son Dmitry, daughter Maria, brother Nikolai, many acquaintances.
“The days are numbered, the losses cannot be counted,
living life long gone."
Petersburg
Tyutchev's second collection is published, which, in comparison with the first, did not evoke such a lively response from readers.
Petersburg
Death of a brother and son.
Petersburg
Death of a daughter.
Tsarskoye Selo
F.I. Tyutchev died in Tsarskoye Selo.
He was buried in St. Petersburg at the cemetery of the Novodevichy Convent.
4. Teacher's word
Poetry F.I. Tyutchev refers to the enduring values of the literature of the past, which today enrich the spiritual culture of every person. Tyutchev's work attracted the attention of many prominent writers, thinkers, scientists, but so far it has remained insufficiently studied and understood.
The main themes and motives of the lyrics of F.I. Tyutchev
Philosophical lyrics
love lyrics
landscape lyrics
Poems about Russia
5. Landscape lyrics by F.I. Tyutchev
The poet entered the minds of readers primarily as a singer of nature, for none of the Russian poets, except perhaps his younger contemporary Fet, nature was such a constant source of impressions and thoughts as for Tyutchev.
The predominance of landscapes is one of the hallmarks of his lyrics. It's better to call her landscape and philosophical: pictures of nature embody deep, intense tragic the poet's thoughts about life and death, about man, humanity and the universe: what place does Man occupy in the world and what is his Fate.
Tyutchev's nature is changeable, dynamic. Knowing no rest, it is all in the struggle of opposing forces, the continuous change of day and night, the cycle of the seasons, it is many-sided, saturated with sounds, colors, smells.
The poet is especially attracted by the transitional intermediate moments of the life of nature. It depicts an autumn day, reminiscent of a recent summer. (“There is in the original autumn ...”) or autumn evening - a harbinger of winter ("Autumn evening"). He sings not of a thunderstorm at the height of summer, but of the first spring thunder "at the beginning of May." He draws the first awakening of nature, the turn of winter to spring (“The earth still looks sad, / And the air is already breathing in spring ...”).
Like a living, thinking being, she feels, breathes, rejoices and is sad. Spring thunder rumbles in the sky, "as if frolicking and playing." Spring waters "run and wake up the sleepy shore." Giving way to spring, winter gets angry, “busy”, “grumbles”, “rages”. “The azure of heaven laughs”, “the translucent forest is sad”, etc. In itself, the animation of nature is quite common in poetry. But for Tyutchev, these are not just metaphors and personifications: “he accepted and understood the living color of nature not as his fantasy, but as truth,” wrote B.C. Solovyov.
Nature and man form a unity in the poet's lyrics, therefore, many of his poems are characterized by a two-part composition built on the parallelism between the life of nature and the life of man. (“Autumn evening”, “The earth still looks sad ...”, “When in the circle of murderous worries ...”, “What are you howling about, night wind”).
IV . Application. Formation of skills and abilities
1. Hshading and analysis of the poem"Spring Thunderstorm" (1828)
Is the picture painted by the poet static?
How does the poet convey the dynamics of life, expression?
2. Hshading and analysis of the poem"Autumn Evening" (1830)
Expressive reading of a poem by a teacher or a specially trained student. Conversation.
Would it be fair to classify this poem as a philosophical lyric? Why?
What is the main idea of the poem?
The image of nature and thoughts about human life are merged, the landscapes get a symbolic meaning. The poem depicts not only the “evening of the year”, but also the “bright” withering of human life.
3. Hshading and analysis of the poem"Not what you think, nature ..." (1836)
Expressive reading of a poem by a teacher or a specially trained student. Conversation.
Nature in Tyutchev's poems is humanized, spiritualized. It is internally close and understandable to man, related to him.
Find in the poem parallels that can be drawn between man and nature.
“It has a soul, it has freedom, it has love, it has a language...” - the poet is convinced.
4. Hshading and analysis of the poem"Day and Night" (1839)
Expressive reading of a poem by a teacher or a specially trained student. Conversation.
On what basis is this poem based?
The poem is built on antithesis.
What visual means does the author use to describe day and night?
Output
So, what is the peculiarity of the image of nature by Tyutchev, how does his view differ from ours?
Tyutchev depicts nature not from the outside, not as an observer and photographer. He tries to understand the soul of nature, to hear her voice. Tyutchev's nature is a living, intelligent being.
V . Homework information stage
1. Learn by heart a poem by F.I. Tyutchev "There is in the autumn of the original ..."
2. Prepare an oral answer on the topic “Philosophical lyrics of F.I. Tyutchev" (textbook, pp. 13-16).
3. Individual tasks students:
prepare messages about Amalia Lerchenfeld, Eleanor Peterson (née Countess Bothmer), Ernestine Dernberg (née Baroness Pfeffel), Elena Aleksandrovna Denisyeva (1826-1864),
as well as the messagesPoetic innovation F.I. Tyutchev" and“Structural features of F.I. Tyutchev.
VI . Reflection stage
Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev is an amazingly subtle lyricist and a bright stylist, he has been given the gift to excite people's hearts, to make them beat in unison with the inner rhythm of nature, so masterfully conveyed by the poet.
When the last hour of nature strikes,
The composition of the parts will be broken earthly:
Everything visible will again be covered by water,
And God's face will be depicted in them!
The lyrical hero of Tyutchev's poems is endowed with a subtle perception of the surrounding beauty, he is open to the outside world, its sounds, colors, smells. Tyutchev's poetry is saturated with light, like all surrounding nature. It is impossible not to admire the skill with which the poet is able to draw our attention to objects and phenomena that are interesting to him, to make them “necessary” for us too. Sometimes it seems that this is not the poetry of an “earthly person”, but the sounds of the sky itself poured out. The poet knows how to connect the cosmos and the earth, show their harmony or confrontation and, passing through his heart, reveal to all of us their perfection.
The lyrical hero of F.I. Tyutchev is surprisingly sharp-sighted and attentive. Nothing interesting can escape his sight and hearing. But this is not mere curiosity, but inner harmony with the surrounding world that has become its component. The lyrical hero agrees to share all the joys and sorrows that have befallen his country, without avoiding civic responsibility. The patriotism of Tyutchev's poetry is obvious. It is impossible not to love Russia - the greatest motherland, not to dedicate your work to it, even your life, if necessary.
Happy is he who visited this world
In his fatal moments!
He was called by all the good
Like an interlocutor at a feast.
He is a spectator of their high spectacles,
He was admitted to their council -
And alive, like a celestial,
I drank immortality from their cup!
Russia is incomprehensible for the poet and his lyrical hero, who admires everything that exists on earth.
Russia cannot be understood with the mind,
Do not measure with a common yardstick:
She has a special become -
One can only believe in Russia.
Tyutchev's love lyrics are surprisingly subtle and comprehensive. His lyrical hero experiences a strong and deep feeling, but he is not given happiness in this great love. It is full of drama, emotions, losses.
Oh, how deadly we love
As in the violent blindness of passions
We are the most likely to destroy
What is dear to our heart!
How long have you been proud of your victory?
You said she's mine...
A year has not passed - ask and tell
What is left of her?
The tragedy of love is given by the inevitable separation, which lies at the very foundation of this unearthly feeling.
In separation there is a high meaning:
No matter how you love, at least one day, at least a century,
Love is a dream, and a dream is a moment,
And early or late, or awakening,
And the man must finally wake up...
Very often, Tyutchev's lyrical hero suffers not from a real reason, but from a fantasy about it.
Like an unsolved mystery
Living charm breathes in it -
We watch with anxious trepidation
Into the quiet light of her eyes.
Is there an earthly charm in it,
Or heavenly grace?
The soul would like to pray to her,
And the heart is torn to adore ...
The poetry of F. I. Tyutchev, mysterious and completely incomprehensible, attracts with its melody, perfection of form and content. Harmony itself "led the poet's hand." That is why there is no statute of limitations for his poems, time has no power over them.
There is melodiousness in the waves of the sea,
Harmony in natural disputes,
And a slender Musiki rustle
It flows in unsteady reeds.
An imperturbable system in everything,
Consonance is complete in nature, -
Only in our ghostly freedom
We are discord. we recognize with her.
Very often the poet says: “I”, here the voice of the author and the lyrical hero merges, it is difficult to distinguish which of them speaks to the reader.