According to the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR), which was developed at the end of the 20th century, foreign language proficiency is usually divided into 6 levels. In 2001, the Council of Europe decided to use the CEFR to assess language proficiency in any language taught as a foreign language. According to the CEFR system, knowledge foreign language Students are divided into 3 groups, each of which is in turn divided into 2 groups. This is how the levels of English proficiency on the CEFR scale look like:
- A- Basic User:
- A1- Survival Level - Beginner and Elementary
- A2- Pre-threshold level (Waystage - Pre-Intermediate)
- B- Independent Ownership (Independent User):
- B1- Threshold level (Threshold - Intermediate)
- B2- Threshold advanced level (Vantage - Upper-Intermediate)
- C- Free possession (Proficient User):
- C1- Level of professional knowledge (Effective Operational Proficiency - Advanced)
- C2- The level of mastery in perfection (Mastery - Proficiency)
In this table you can get acquainted with all aspects of the English language that are studied at various levels of education. Vertically there are columns with types of speech activity (Listening, Speaking, Reading, Writing), the two extreme columns show which grammar material and vocabulary is learned at every stage. The levels of training are shown horizontally, from Beginner to Proficiency. At the intersection of the row and column, you can find a description of what skills and abilities are formed and developed at each stage.
With the help of the table, you can determine the level of your knowledge and find out what you will study at each level of training.
Click on the image to view the table of English levels in Russian, or on a computer.
If you want to learn more about each level of learning, then we bring to your attention articles on the levels of teaching English.
Hey! We very often use various kinds of abbreviations in informal communication on the Internet to speed up the process of exchanging information. For example, instead of "Thank you", we write "SPS"; instead of “Please” and “No way” - “pzh” and “nz”; instead of "now" - just "scha". English correspondence with short SMS messages also has its own abbreviations, which we will talk about today.
Abbreviations in English languageAbbreviations are used not from illiteracy, but to save time and convey your idea faster, without forgetting the most important thing. With live communication, we can easily express a large amount of information quickly, spending a few seconds. When chatting on the Internet, in order to express even a short thought, you will have to spend a minute, or even more. As a result, all the ideas that you wanted to highlight are often forgotten. In this case, various abbreviations come to the rescue.
Many abbreviations are already firmly entrenched in our speech, and sometimes we pronounce some words without even suspecting that they are acronyms, that is, abbreviations that have become independent words in our language.
One of the most popular Internet acronyms today is the abbreviation "IMHO". Few people know that this is a tracing paper of the English abbreviation "IMHO", which stands for "In My Humble Opinion" - "In My Humble Opinion", that is, in Russian this abbreviation should look like "PMSM".
The functionality and convenience of the Internet is actively used for learning English, including for correspondence and communication with native speakers on forums and chats. But if you are new to an English-speaking forum, then it will be difficult for you to understand what its participants are talking about, since they very often use abbreviations when writing sms on the Internet in English.
English abbreviations To make it easier for you to navigate in the English chat, I found, systematized and decoded the most popular sms abbreviations. I divided the abbreviations during correspondence into several groups:
The first group belongs to the category "As I hear, so I write":
- u = you (you)
- ur = your (you)
- cu = cya = see you (see you)
- k = ok (ok, agreed)
- y = why (why)
- Any1 = anyone (any)
- gr8 = great
- 4u = for you (for you)
- u2 = you too
The third group is the most popular colloquial phrases in English, which are written as abbreviations:
- np = no problem
- gf = girlfriend (girlfriend)
- tc = take care (take care of yourself)
- bb = bye bye (bye, see you soon)
- omg = oh my god (Oh my God)
Of course, these are not all abbreviations in English. To make it easier for you to learn or decipher them in a chat, I have created a special table that you can download, print and hang in a conspicuous place.
Table "English abbreviations"
Many abbreviations and abbreviations from communication in 
The Internet has switched to real communication in English, so it will be useful to know them. For example, the words "gonna" and "wanna", which are often used in ordinary speech, in the full version they sound like “going to” and “want to”. But they are already firmly entrenched in the English language in a compressed form.
And now the promised extended table:
Reduction | Full version | Translation |
« As I hear, so I write« |
||
| r | are | eat |
| b | be | to be |
| u | you | you |
| y | why | why |
| ur | your | you, your |
| n | and | And |
| k | ok | Okay |
| cu = cya | see you | See you |
| pls | please | please |
| gimme | give me | give me |
| thx | thanks | thank you |
Alphanumeric |
||
| be4 | before | before |
| some1 | someone | someone |
| 2day | today | today |
| gr8 | great | big |
| w8 | wait | wait |
| u2 | you too | you as well |
| 4u | for you | for you |
| str8 | straight | directly |
| 2u | to you | to you |
Abbreviations |
||
| bf | boyfriend | friend |
| ty | thank you | thanks |
| brb | be right back | I'll be back soon |
| hru | how are you | how are you |
| btw | by the way | By the way |
| omg | oh my god | Oh my God |
| bbl | be back later | I will come later |
| tl | tender love | offer love |
| afaik | as far as I know | as far as I know |
| asl | age, sex, location | age, gender, location |
| b/t | between | between |
| lol | laughing out loud | laugh |
| xoxo | kisses and hugs | hugs and kisses |
| uw | you are welcome | Welcome |
| bb | bye bye or baby | bye or baby |
| ntmu | nice to meet you | very nice |
| np | no problem | no problem |
| asap | as soon as possible | as soon as possible |
| wb | welcome back | come back |
| tc | take care | Take care |
| ttyl=ttul=t2ul | talk to you later | let's talk later |
| atm | at the moment | at the moment |
| lu = luvu | love you | love you |
| rofl | rolling on the floor laughing | An analogue of our "pats table" from laughter |
| yolo | you only live once | there is only one life |
You may have noticed that programmers used some of these abbreviations to create emoticons in social networks and other virtual communication services. You may find other abbreviations or other meanings, but I have tried to present the most common ones in English.
With this I end this interesting article and tell you bb-n-brb!
- Everything is fine, ss!
- Plsst.
Example: MYOB = mind your own business (mind your own business)
Below you will find a whole list of English abbreviations (in SMS, in social networks, forums). Study it thoroughly to understand what English-speaking interlocutors want from you.
As a preface: colloquial abbreviations in English
Of course, abbreviations English words it is desirable to use only in informal correspondence (personal messages, chats). At the same time, a case is known when a 13-year-old girl wrote school essay, almost entirely built on abbreviations of the English language. Here is an excerpt from it, try to read and understand the meaning of what is written:
My smmr hols wr CWOT. B4, we used 2go2 NY 2C my bro, his GF & thr 3:- kids FTF. ILNY, it's a gr8 plc.
Happened? Now read the translation:
My summer hols (abbreviated holidays) were a complete waste of time. Before, we used to go to NY (New York) to see my brother, his girlfriend and their 3 kids face to face. I love New York, it's a great place.
As you can see, the English abbreviations in the letter are built:
- on the use of numbers (4, 8)
- on letter names (R = are, C = see)
- on vowel drop (smmr = summer)
- on acronyms - a type of abbreviation formed initial letters(ILNY = I love New York).
So, let's move on to our dictionary of English abbreviations.
His Majesty Slang: deciphering English abbreviations
The article will indicate the translation of abbreviations from English into Russian. But where additional clarifications are required, we will provide them. Enjoy!
0 = nothing
2 = two, to, too (two, preposition to, too)
2DAY = today (today)
2MORO / 2MROW = tomorrow (tomorrow)
2NITE / 2NYT = tonight (tonight, tonight)
2U = to you (to you)
4U = for you (for you)
4E = forever (forever)
AFAIK= as far as I know
ASAP = as soon as possible
ATB = all the best (all the best)
B = to be (to be)
B4 = before
B4N = bye for now
BAU = business as usual (idiom meaning that things continue as usual despite the difficult situation
BBL = to be back later (come back later, be later)
BC = because (because)
BF = boyfriend (young man, boyfriend, boyfriend)
BK = back (back, back)
BRB = to be right back (to return soon). For example, you “chat” with someone, but forced to leave for a while. BRB (I'll be back soon)- you write, and go about your business.
BRO = brother (brother)
BTW = by the way (by the way)
BYOB / BYO = to bring your own booze, to bring your own bottle (“with your own alcohol”). Indicated on the invitation when the host of the party will not provide drinks for the guests. By the way, System Of A Down has a song called B.Y.O.B. (bring your own Bombs instead of Bottle).
C = to see (to see)
CIAO = goodbye (goodbye, bye). This abbreviation for correspondence in English was formed from the Italian Ciao(And that's how it's pronounced.) Chao).
COS / CUZ = because (because)
CUL8R = call you later / see you later
CUL = see you later (see you later)
CWOT = complete waste of time
D8 = date (date, date)
DNR = dinner (dinner)
EOD = end of debate (end of discussion). used during an argument when you want to stop it: That's it, EOD! (Everyone, stop arguing!)
EZ = easy (easy, simple, convenient)
F2F / FTF = face to face (face to face)
F8 = fate
FYI = for your information
GF = girlfriend (girl, girlfriend)
GMTA = great minds think alike (the saying “Great minds think alike”). Something like ours "fools think together" just the opposite 🙂
GR8 = great (great, excellent, etc.)
GTG = got to go (must go)
HAND = have a nice day (have a nice day)
HB2U = happy birthday to you (happy birthday)
HOLS = holidays (holidays)
HRU = how are you (how are you? how are you?)
HV = to have (to have)
ICBW = it could be worse (could be worse)
IDK = I dont know (I don't know)
IDTS = I don't think so
ILU / Luv U = I love you (I love you)
IMHO = in my humble opinion (in my humble opinion). Expression has long migrated to our Internet as a transliteration IMHO.
IYKWIM = if you know what I mean
JK = just kidding
KDS = kids (children)
KIT = to keep in touch (stay in touch)
KOTC = kiss on the cheek (kiss on the cheek)
L8 = late
L8R = later (later)
LMAO = laughing my ass out (so funny that I “laughed” my ass out).
LOL = laughing out loud (the meaning is identical to the previous one). This popular English abbreviation is also borrowed by our Internet slang in the form of LOL transliteration.
LSKOL = long slow kiss on the lips (French kiss)
LTNS = long time no see (long time no see)
Example from stickers for Viber
Luv U2 = I love you too (I love you too)
M8 = mate (buddy, friend, dude). slang word mate- about the same as dude (dude, kid, etc.): Hey, mate, what's up? (Hey man, how is it?)
MON = the middle of nowhere (idiom meaning "very far, in the middle of nowhere")
MSG = message (message, message)
MTE = my thoughts exactly (you read my mind, I think exactly the same)
MU = I miss you (I miss you)
MUSM = I miss you so much (I miss you very much)
MYOB = mind your own business (mind your own business, don't meddle in other people's business)
N2S = needless to say (it goes without saying, obviously…)
NE1 = anyone (anyone, anyone)
NO1 = no one (no one)
NP = no problem (no problem, not a problem)
OIC = oh, I see (I see; that's it). It is used in a situation where you want to show the interlocutor that you understand the subject of the conversation.
PC & QT - peace and quiet (peace and quiet). An idiom that is most often used in the context of wanting a quieter life: All I want is a little peace and quiet (All I want is a little peace and quiet).
PCM = please call me (please call me)
pls=please
PS = parents (parents)
QT = cutie
R = are (form of verbs to be)
ROFL / ROTFL = rolling of the floor laughing (rolling on the floor laughing)
RUOK = are you ok? (are you okay? is everything okay?)
SIS = sister (sister)
SKOOL = school (school)
SMMR = summer (summer)
SOB = stressed out bad (feel very stressed)
this is a video with subtitles.
SOM1 = someone (someone)
TGIF = thank God it's Friday (Thank God it's Friday)
THX = thanks (thank you)
THNQ = thank you (thank you)
TTYL = talk to you later (we'll talk later)
WAN2 = to want to (want)
WKND = weekend
WR = were (form of the verb to be)
WUCIWUG = what you see is what you get (what you see is what you get)
The phrase was used for creative Heinz ketchup posters
The expression has several meanings:
- The property of applications or web interfaces in which the content is displayed during editing and looks as close as possible to the final product (more ).
- A definition that is used when the speaker wants to show that there is nothing hidden, there are no secrets and pitfalls.
Can be used as definition honest and open person:
He is a what-you-see-is-what-you-get kind of person. (He refers to the “what you see is what you get” type of person)
Also, the idiom can be used, for example, by sellers in a store when they assure us that the product we will buy looks the same as in the window:
The product you are looking at is exactly what you get if you buy it. What you see is what you get. The ones in the box are just like this one. (If you buy this product, you will get exactly what you see now. The units that are in the boxes are exactly the same as this one).
X = kiss (kiss)
XLNT = excellent (excellent, excellent)
XOXO = hugs and kisses (hugs and kisses). More precisely, “hugs and kisses”, if you follow the Internet trends 🙂
YR = your / you're (your / you + verb form to be)
ZZZ.. = to sleep (sleep) The abbreviation is used when a person wants to show the interlocutor that he is already sleeping / falling asleep with might and main.
Finally: how to understand modern abbreviations in English
As you can see, all English abbreviations on the Internet lend themselves to a certain logic, the principles of which we analyzed at the beginning of the article. Therefore, it is enough to “run over them with your eyes” several times, and you can easily use and, most importantly, understand them. CUL8R, M8 🙂